Some people may show symptoms as early as two weeks after exposure, and others may not show symptoms for as much as six months. Learn more about when to get tested after possible hepatitis C exposure ». You can breastfeed your baby if you have a hepatitis C infection. Researchers have never found a case where a mother with hepatitis C has passed the infection to her infant through breastfeeding. Hepatitis C is transmitted through contact with infected blood.
Once the cracked or scabbed areas are healed, you can resume breastfeeding. Two types of hepatitis C exist. The first, acute hepatitis C , is a short-term infection. The main complication of acute hepatitis C is that it will develop into long-term, or chronic , hepatitis C. The early stages of a hepatitis C infection may cause few symptoms. During this phase, you may not even know you have an infection.
About 30 percent of people who develop an acute hepatitis C infection will be able to clear the virus without treatment. Once it has developed into chronic hepatitis C, the virus will need treatment before it will go away.
Treatment for acute hepatitis C is the same as chronic hepatitis C. Treatment reduces the risk of an acute hepatitis C infection turning into a chronic one. Treatments for this virus have improved dramatically in recent decades.
Once you complete treatment, your viral load will be checked regularly. Learn more about your treatment options ». About 15 to 25 percent of people who get hepatitis C will eventually clear the virus from their body entirely. This can be done through treatment, or the body can spontaneously eliminate the virus. However, if you encounter the virus in the future, your risk for infected again is dramatically lower because of your previous infection.
The best way to avoid being infected again is to reduce behaviors that put you at risk. Many people choose to stay silent with their questions and concerns because of common misconceptions about hepatitis C.
However, knowing the truth can ease your mind and help you take care of yourself or your loved ones in a healthy manner.
If you have questions not answered here, be sure to talk with your doctor. Learn more about how hepatitis C affects the body ».
Viremia is a medical term for viruses present in the bloodstream. Learn about the effects of various viruses along with symptoms and treatment. Start by not saying these five things. When you're a nursing parent, at some point you'll probably wonder what the deal is with breastfeeding while sick.
Is it safe? What are the signs and symptoms of chronic HCV infection? What are the extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection? Testing and Diagnosis. Who should be tested for HCV infection? Who should be tested for HCV on a routine basis? How should providers determine hepatitis C prevalence to inform testing within their practices?
What blood tests are used to detect HCV infection? How do I interpret the different tests for HCV infection? Is an algorithm for hepatitis C diagnosis available? Is someone with a positive anti-HCV test still at risk for hepatitis C? Can a patient have a normal liver enzyme e. Where can I learn more about hepatitis C serology? Management and Treatment. What should a provider do for a patient with confirmed HCV infection?
What advice and messages should be given to patients diagnosed with hepatitis C? Which types of health-care providers can effectively manage patients with hepatitis C? What resources are available to providers who wish to manage treatment for patients with hepatitis C Is routine HCV genotyping required when managing a person with hepatitis C? Should people with hepatitis C be restricted from working in certain occupations or settings? Should patients with acute hepatitis C receive treatment?
What is the treatment for chronic hepatitis C? Are patients undergoing treatment for hepatitis C at risk for reactivation of an existing hepatitis B virus HBV infection? How are these patients managed? Hepatitis C and Health-care Personnel. How can health-care personnel avoid exposure to HCV? What is the risk of acquiring hepatitis C after being accidentally exposed to HCV-contaminated blood or body fluids in the workplace?
Other than needlesticks, do other exposures like splashes to the eye place health-care personnel at risk for hepatitis C? Should HCV-infected health-care personnel be restricted in their work? How are health-care personnel managed after being exposed to the blood of an infected patient? Pregnancy and Hepatitis C. Should pregnant women be tested for HCV antibodies? Can a mother with hepatitis C infect her infant during birth? Should a woman with hepatitis C be advised against breastfeeding?
When should children born to HCV-infected mothers be tested to see if they were infected at birth? Who is at risk for hepatitis C infection? The following people are at increased risk for hepatitis C: People with HIV infection Current or former people who use injection drugs PWID , including those who injected only once many years ago People with selected medical conditions, including those who ever received maintenance hemodialysis 4 , 5 Prior recipients of transfusions or organ transplants, including people who received clotting factor concentrates produced before , people who received a transfusion of blood or blood components before July , people who received an organ transplant before July , and people who were notified that they received blood from a donor who later tested positive for HCV infection Health care, emergency medical, and public safety personnel after needle sticks, sharps, or mucosal exposures to HCV-positive blood Children born to mothers with HCV infection Is it possible for someone to become infected with HCV and then spontaneously clear the infection?
What is the likelihood of HCV infection becoming chronic More than half of people who become infected with HCV will develop chronic infection 6 , 7. Why do most people remain chronically infected with HCV? Seven HCV genotypes and 67 subtypes have been identified 9.
Possible exposures include Injection-drug use currently the most common mode of HCV transmission in the United States 2 Birth to an HCV-infected mother Although less frequent, HCV can also be spread through: Sex with an HCV-infected person an inefficient means of transmission, although HIV-infected men who have sex with men [MSM] have increased risk of sexual transmission Sharing personal items contaminated with infectious blood, such as razors or toothbrushes Other health-care procedures that involve invasive procedures, such as injections usually recognized in the context of outbreaks Unregulated tattooing Receipt of donated blood, blood products, and organs rare in the United States since blood screening became available in Needlestick injuries in health-care settings What is the prevalence of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs PWID?
What is the risk of acquiring hepatitis C from transfused blood or blood products in the United States? Do hepatitis C outbreaks occur in health care settings?
CDC recommends that people who are diagnosed with hepatitis C be provided medical evaluation by either a primary-care clinician or specialist [e.
Providers should talk to their patients about the effectiveness and benefits of direct acting antivirals DAAs ; the importance of avoiding alcohol, because alcohol consumption can accelerate cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease; the need to follow a healthy diet and stay physically active, especially for patients who are overweight i.
What resources are available to providers who wish to manage treatment for patients with hepatitis C? Prevalence of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection doubled from to Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ;—3.
Viral Hepatitis Surveillance—United States, Case-control study of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in older adults: Do health care exposures contribute to burden of new infections? Hepatology ;— Patient notification for bloodborne pathogen testing due to unsafe injection practices in the US health care settings, — Med Care ;— Pathogenesis, natural history, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis C.
Ann Intern Med. Natural history of hepatitis C. Clin Liver Dis. Westbrook RH, Dusheiko G. J Hepatol. Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource.
Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in a diverse US integrated health care population. J Med Virol. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and viral concentrations in participants of a general population survey in the United States. Race, age, and geography impact hepatitis C genotype distribution in the United States. J Clin Gastroenterol ;53 1 — Definition and facts of liver transplant.
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Health Resources and Services Administration, U. Department of Health and Human Services. National data website. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review.
Lancet Global Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Health Topics: Blood Transfusion. World Health Organization. Consolidated strategic information guidelines for viral hepatitis: planning and tracking progress towards elimination Geneva: World Health Organization; Spradling P. Travelers Health. CDC Yellow Book. Viral Hepatitis. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Hepatitis C Questions and Answers for the Public. Minus Related Pages. Index of Questions Overview and Statistics.
What is hepatitis? What is the difference between hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C? What is hepatitis C? How serious is chronic hepatitis C?
How likely is it that someone with acute hepatitis C will become chronically infected? Is it possible for someone with hepatitis C to get better without treatment? How common is acute hepatitis C in the United States? How common is chronic hepatitis C in the United States? How is hepatitis C spread? Can you get hepatitis C more than once? Can hepatitis C virus be spread through sexual contact?
Can you get hepatitis C by getting a tattoo or piercing? Can hepatitis C be spread within a household? Who is at risk for hepatitis C? Can a person be infected with both HIV and the hepatitis C virus?
What is the risk of a pregnant woman passing hepatitis C to her baby? Can women with hepatitis C breastfeed their babies? Can I get hepatitis C from a mosquito or other insect bite? Can I donate blood if I have tested positive for hepatitis C? Can someone with hepatitis C donate organs?
What are the symptoms of acute new hepatitis C? What are the symptoms of chronic long-term hepatitis C? Can I spread hepatitis C without having symptoms? Who should get tested for hepatitis C? Should anyone be tested for hepatitis C more than once? If I am pregnant, should I be tested for hepatitis C?
What tests are used to diagnose someone with hepatitis C? When should I expect to get my test results? How are hepatitis C test results interpreted? What should I do if the HCV antibody test is reactive? How soon after exposure to the hepatitis C virus can a test tell if someone is infected? Can a person have normal liver enzyme level and still have hepatitis C? What is the treatment for acute hepatitis C? What can people with chronic hepatitis C do to protect the liver?
Is there a vaccine that can prevent hepatitis C? Hepatitis C and Employment.
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