For more information about Java releases and features in each release, refer to Java version history. Java Switch expressions. Java Text blocks. Sealed types. Local enums and interfaces. Now the version number looks like this:.
Coming from other programming languages with major breakages between releases, like say Python 2 to 3, you might be wondering if the same applies to Java. Java is special in this regard, as it is extremely backwards compatible. It obviously does not work the other way around, say your program relies on Java 17 features, that are simply not available under a Java 8 JVM.
This serves as a good base. And then learn, from a guide like this, what additional features came in Java and use them whenever you can. But as a rule of thumb: The older, longer release-cycles years, up until Java 8 meant a lot of new features per release. The 6-month release cycle means a lot less features, per release, so you can catch up quickly on Java language features.
Historically, you downloaded just a JRE if you were only interested in running Java programs. To develop new Java programs, you needed to download a JDK. With Java 9 that distinction was basically gone, and you are always downloading a JDK. So, even though some distributions see Java Distributions section still offer a separate JRE download, there seems to be the trend of offering just a JDK. Hence, we are going to use Java and JDK interchangeably from now on. Ignore the Java-Docker images,.
In the end, Java is just a. To verify you installed Java correctly, you can then simply run 'java -version'. If the output looks like the one below, you are good to go. Which brings us to the topic of distributions. This section will shed some light on this. This is just source code however, not a distributable build think: your. In theory, you and I could produce a build from that source code, call it, say, MarcoJDK and start distributing it.
But our distribution would lack certification, to be able to legally call ourselves Java SE compatible. And while vendors cannot, say, remove a method from the String class before producing a new Java build, they can add branding yay! CLI utilities they deem useful. But other than that, the original source code is the same for all Java distributions.
One of the vendors who builds Java from source is Oracle. This leads to two different Java distributions , which can be very confusing at first. OpenJDK builds by Oracle! OracleJDK , which is a branded, commercial build starting with the license change in Which means it can be used for free during development, but you need to pay Oracle if using it in production. For this, you get longer support, i. But as of today, both versions are essentially the same, with minor differences. It then boils down to you wanting paid, commercial support a telephone number for your installed Java version.
But make sure to check out the individual websites to learn about the advantages of each single distribution. Rafael Winterhalter compiled a great list of all available OpenJDK builds, including their OS, architecture, licensing, support and maintenance windows. To re-iterate from the beginning, in , unless you have very specific requirements, go get your jdk.
To re-iterate from the beginning, in , unless you have very specific requirements, go get your jdk. The same goes for all other Java versions in between. In turn, this means that all language features from Java 8 serve as a good Java base knowledge, and everything else Java is pretty much additional features on top of that baseline.
Java 8 was a massive release and you can find a list of all features at the Oracle website. Before Java 8, whenever you wanted to instantiate, for example, a new Runnable, you had to write an anonymous inner class, like so:. You also got method references, repeating annotations, default methods for interfaces, and a few other language features. A quick example:. Streams got a couple of additions, in the form of takeWhile , dropWhile , and iterate methods.
And a couple of other improvements, like an improved try-with-resources statement or diamond operator extensions. Java 9 brought the initial preview version of a new HttpClient. With Java 9, Java got its own, modern client — although this is in preview mode, which means that it is subject to change in later Java versions.
It is not in the scope of this guide to go into full detail on Jigsaw, but have a look at the previous links to learn more. Java 10, for example. There have been a few changes to Java 10, like garbage collection, etc. But the only real change you as a developer will likely see is the introduction of the var keyword, also called local-variable type inference. It is still strongly typed, though, and only applies to variables inside methods thanks, dpash , for pointing that out again.
Starting with Java 10, you can run Java source files without having to compile them first. A step towards scripting. Java 12 got a couple of new features and clean-ups , but the only ones worth mentioning here are Unicode 11 support and a preview of the new switch expression, which you will see covered in the next section. You can find a complete feature list here , but essentially, you are getting Unicode Switch expressions can now return a value.
This article originally appeared on www. Stephen Colebourne wrote a fantastic article on the different available Java distributions. Thanks, Stephen! Published at DZone with permission of Marco Behler. See the original article here.
Thanks for visiting DZone today,. This process also was released under the Java Community Process. Support and security updates for Java 5. Java 5. Java 6 can be installed. Its codename was Mustang. Its codename was Dolphin. It was launched on 7, July but was made available for developers on July 28, Its codename was Spider. Although, codenames have been discontinued, but the codename Spider is common among java developers. In , Oracle discussed some features to release in Java 9.
It was hoped that Java 9 would include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code integration, a different default garbage collector and a self-tuning JVM. The release of Java 9 was postponed many times and finally it was released on September 21, Java SE 10 was released to remove primitive data types and move towards bit addressable arrays to support large data sets. It was released on 20 March , with twelve new features confirmed. These features are:.
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